There are numerous examples of this: for example, a number of programmes link words such as ‘programming’ with ‘man’ and ‘household tasks’ with ‘woman’. When th ‘CEO’ was entered into a search engine in the United States in 2015, only the 96 photo was of a woman—and even then, the photo was of ‘Barbie CEO’ dressed in a miniskirt1! When the word ‘CEO’ is typed into a search engine today, the vast majority of photos continue to depict men, despite the fact that almost a third of American CEOs are women. As such, one of the major challenges posed by AI consists of achieving better societal representation. The prerequisite remains to educate people in equality from a very early age, which must implicate parents, private businesses, the media, associations, and, naturally, all actors within education. From childhood right through to computer science and engineering faculties, educational establishments must foster a culture of equality between both sexes via teaching, educative activities, training and educational material, and ensure that information relating to careers and training pathways is free from any form of gender stereotyping. Women in the digital sector and engineering careers in France In 2016, less than 10% of students studying computer science were women, whilst between 1972 and 1985, the percentage of women attending these establishments was higher than that of all other types of engineering establishments. Within the economy, the percentage of women in the digital sector is woefully low: 33% of workers in the digital sector are women, and if we dismiss cross-sectional and assistant roles, this figure falls below the 12% mark. Additionally, only 11% of workers in cybersecurity are women. Beyond this comprehensive indicator, it is important to focus more specifically on the roles of female engineers in companies, on their hierarchical positions and their salaries. These are two of the key factors in the appeal of these professions and the attrition rate, the rate at which female employees leave companies after starting at them. Less than 10% of engineers belonging to executive committees or boards are women. The average pay gap between men and women engineers stands at 30%, exceeding 34% for those aged over 45 years old. The pay gap is four times higher in software firms or engineering companies. Findings within innovative entrepreneurship are equally concerning: only 9% of French startups are founded by women. Last but not least, on average, women raise less than twice the amount of funds than men… Sources for figures: publicity campaign for “Women and the Digital Industry” by the Centre Francilien pour l’Égalité Femmes—Hommes (Regional Observatory for gender equality), The Hubertine Auclert Centre, study by Syntec and OPIIEC, The economic and social performance of digital startups in France, 2015, study by Mutationnelles, 2014 and startup study Ernst and Young, 2015. 1. Daily Mail: “The first woman to appear in a Google search for ’CEO’? BARBIE... and, of course, she’s wearing a miniskirt" http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3043673/The-woman- appear-Google-search-CEO-BARBIE-course-s-wearing-miniskirt.html 134