Part 1 — An Economic Policy Based on Data risk of penalties being imposed, especially when they are the sources of disruptive innovations: in this case, penalties are extremely substantial (under the GDPR, fines may be as much as 4% of a business’s global turnover). Dialogue with sectoral authorities should therefore be encouraged by making the necessary technical and human resources available. Certain sectoral authorities have in fact already set up teams devoted to studying and supporting innovative projects: in June 2016, for example, with the backing of the Banque de France, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution and the Autorité de contrôle des banques et des assurances (the authority in charge of the control of banks and insurance) set up the FinTech Innovation center. Added to the complaints about lack of support, there is the problem of the response time deadlines set by certain sectoral authorities. In view of the ever-dwindling innovation cycles and the uncertain growth of start-up companies, this is a crucial issue. To overcome these difficulties, a ‘one-stop shop’ to support stakeholders in innovation could be set up, and a 3-month limit could be imposed on response time deadlines. Finally, the possibility of recourse to an ombudsman could be guaranteed in order to resolve certain individual cases, such as when regulatory authorities appear to contradict themselves. French Tech Central French Tech Central is a stopping-off point for information and a meeting place for French start-ups everywhere; it is located on the Station F start-up campus. 30 public services are available on-site, on a permanent or part-time basis, whose mission is to provide advice and guidance to businesses; the latter may make a request for a private meeting with a representative from one or more public services via a special online platform or attend information workshops run by administrations specializing in the problems encountered by start-ups. The proximity of these administrations to the start-up ecosystem is intended to allow the testing of new deals from public services. For these trials constitute the initial stages of a project which is designed to involve the whole country, and in particular the 13 French Tech Cities, as of the first half of 2018. Assisting in the development of stakeholders capable of delivering AI solutions for industry AI solutions are the equivalent of one unique component destined to be incorporated into much more complex systems. These systems may be difficult to comprehend, especially for small organizations which are attempting to enter European or even global markets. Two scenarios present themselves: either a business is by its very nature in a position to go one step further and target the French, European and world markets directly, with the capacity to stand alone; or this is not the case and it needs to join a large group of other businesses in the role of a ‘building block’. This second scenario requires industrial ‘building block’ integrators capable of supplying the various specialist markets with their specific demands. The diversity of the European industrial AI landscape has prompted this observation: the only way to exist across a fairly large section of business verticals 35